Stem Stitch
Stem stitch was often used in the pre-modern period as an
outlining stitch. It could also be used as a filling stitch.
To Work Stem Stitch - Work from left to
right, taking regular small stitches along the line of the design. The
thread
always emerges on the left side of the previous stitch. This stitch is used
for flower stems, outlines, etc.
It can also be worked as a filling stitch if
worked closely together within a shape until it is completely filled.
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Split Stitch
A popular stitch, split
stitch was used in many forms of embroidery including Opus
Anglicanum and Heraldic
Embroidery. It was used for very fine work, often only using a single
strand of silk thread or was done using quite thick threads, such as wool. It
was used as an outlining stitch or as a filling stitch.
To Work Split Stitch - Bring the needle through at A and,
following the line to be covered, take a small back stitch so that the needle
comes up through the working thread, as shown in the diagram. Generally, it is
easiest to work this as a two step stitch by making a small stitch, then
bringing the needle up through the thread at the half way point.
Back Stitch
Bring the thread through on the stitch line and then take a
small backward stitch through the fabric. Bring the needle through again a
little in front of the first stitch, then take another stitch, inserting the
needle at the point where it first came through. In blackwork, a single back
stitch is usually worked over two threads on a single-thread even-weave. This
stitch is used in both counted and free embroidery.
Chain Stitch
To Work
Chain Stitch - Bring the thread up at
the top of the line and hold it down with the left thumb. Insert the needle
where it last emerged and bring the point out a short distance away. Pull the
thread through, keeping the working thread under the needle point.
Surface
Couching
To Work Surface Couching - Lay down the thread to be couched, and
with another thread catch it down with small stitches worked over the top.
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